Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Working Paper Series dissiminates studies by faculty members of Southwestn University of Finance and Economics in general fields of economics, management, and education to the academic community, the interested public, and governments, before the papers are published in peer-reviewed journals.

Series Editor: Dr. Zhengyu Cai

Submission: please email the manuscript to czy@swufe.edu.cn in a Microsoft Word (docx) file.